The standard rate of VAT is 20% for most goods and services.
Zero-rated supplies are taxable supplies on which the current VAT rate is 0%.
Examples include:

• most food (but not meals in restaurants or cafes, or hot takeaway food and drink)
• books
• newspapers
• young children’s clothing and shoes
• exported goods
• most prescriptions dispensed to a patient by a registered pharmacist
• most public transport services

This is not a full list.
Reduced-rate supplies are taxable supplies on which the current VAT rate is 5%.
Examples include:

• supplies of domestic fuel or power
• installation of energy-saving materials
• grant-funded installation of heating equipment or security goods or connection of a gas supply
• women’s sanitary products
• children’s car seats
• residential conversions
• residential renovations and alterations

This is not a full list.
Exempt supplies are business supplies which do not meet the definition of taxable supplies. In other words, they’re business supplies on which VAT is not charged.
Examples include:

• certain selling, leasing and letting of land and buildings (but not lettings of garages, parking spaces or hotel and holiday accommodation)
• insurance
• betting, gambling and lotteries (but not takings from fruit machines)
• providing credit
• certain education and training
• fundraising events by charities
• subscriptions to certain membership organizations
• the services of doctors and dentists
• certain services from undertakers

This is not a full list.

 

Source: Gov.UK website